Como esperado, a Comunidade Européia já iniciou o processo de dificultar as exportações brasileiras de carne. O artigo abaixo publicado no site da USP, levanta vários aspectos desta barreira por diversos especialistas:
Especialistas comentam barreira da UE à carne brasileira
Leonardo Zanon e Renato Sanchez / Agência USP
A decisão de suspender as exportações de carne brasileira pela União Européia (UE) se utiliza de questões sanitárias com finalidades protecionistas. “O Brasil é uma área livre de aftosa. Proibir a exportação de carne brasileira é uma medida exagerada”, diz o professor Fernando Ferreira, da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) da USP. Na última quarta-feira (30/01), o comissário de Saúde da UE Markos Kyprianou, anunciou a decisão que suspende por tempo indeterminado as importações da carne brasileira.
O pesquisador Sergio de Zen, do Centro de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Cepea), da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (Esalq) da USP, em Piracicaba, concorda com a opinião do professor Ferreira: “Nas últimas ocasiões envolvendo febre aftosa, o Brasil seguiu todos os procedimentos recomendados pelos organismos internacionais. O risco sanitário é mínimo”, afirma.
As autoridades européias consideram insatisfatório o controle do governo brasileiro sobre a criação de bovinos. Para Maristela Basso, professora de Direito Comercial Internacional da USP, a UE faz uso de um direito legítimo. Segundo ela, o Brasil deve demonstrar para a União Européia, de forma técnica e criteriosa, que seu gado não oferece nenhum risco ao bloco. De acordo com a professora, “ainda que o risco seja pequeno, as autoridades européias têm o direito de exigir garantias para a segurança dos seus cidadãos”.
Irlanda e Inglaterra são os principais criadores de gado no interior do bloco europeu. Após denúncias de deputados irlandeses e britânicos em outubro do ano passado, a UE deu prazo até o fim de 2007 para que o governo brasileiro se adequasse às exigências do bloco.
Em novembro, uma missão da UE detectou problemas na certificação e no rastreamento de origem do gado brasileiro. Sem a garantia de rastreabilidade, afirmam autoridades européias, não há garantias de que a carne enviada à Europa não provém de área em que a venda para o bloco é proibida. Desde 2005, São Paulo, Paraná e Mato Grosso do Sul não podem exportar devido a focos de febre aftosa.
Os especialistas concordam quanto à necessidade de que o rastramento seja de fato realizado. Segundo Ferreira, o rastreamento é bom para europeus e brasileiros porque fortalece as ações de controle sobre a produção. Zen complementa: “Além de dar mais transparência à produção nacional, a medida atrairia investimentos externos”.
Outro ponto de divergência é a certificação de fazendas. Em dezembro do ano passado, a UE anunciou medidas de restrição sobre a importação da carne brasileira. O bloco também solicitou que o governo apresentasse até 31 de janeiro deste ano uma lista com 300 fazendas que cumprissem as exigências do bloco. Em 30 de janeiro, o governo enviou uma lista com 2.600 propriedades. Assim, os europeus se recusaram a publicar a lista em seu diário oficial ocasionando, na prática, a proibição das importações de carne brasileira.
Conseqüências no mercado
Em relação ao mercado externo, os especialistas acreditam que a medida não deve afetar as exportações para outros grandes compradores como Rússia, Estados Unidos e Egito. Ainda assim, a situação é preocupante. Segundo Ferreira, a UE é um consumidor muito importante para os pecuaristas brasileiros. “Eles não conseguirão vender tudo o que venderiam para a Europa. O abate deve ser direcionado para outros países e para o mercado interno”, diz.
Eles afirmam que o mercado interno pode sofrer com as conseqüências dessa barreira às exportações. De acordo com Zen, a tendência é de queda dos preços a curto prazo e alta no longo prazo. “Cortes direcionados para exportação, como o filé mignon, devem ficar mais baratos a príncípio. Depois, com uma eventual redução da produção, é provável que todos os cortes se tornem mais caros”, explica o pesquisador.
Segundo a Associação Brasileira de Indústrias Exportadoras de Carne (Abiec), as exportações de carne bovina somaram R$4,5 bilhões em 2007, 15% a mais do que no ano anterior. A União Européia foi responsável por 38,5% dessa quantia.
Especialistas comentam barreira da UE à carne brasileira
Leonardo Zanon e Renato Sanchez / Agência USP
A decisão de suspender as exportações de carne brasileira pela União Européia (UE) se utiliza de questões sanitárias com finalidades protecionistas. “O Brasil é uma área livre de aftosa. Proibir a exportação de carne brasileira é uma medida exagerada”, diz o professor Fernando Ferreira, da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) da USP. Na última quarta-feira (30/01), o comissário de Saúde da UE Markos Kyprianou, anunciou a decisão que suspende por tempo indeterminado as importações da carne brasileira.
O pesquisador Sergio de Zen, do Centro de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Cepea), da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (Esalq) da USP, em Piracicaba, concorda com a opinião do professor Ferreira: “Nas últimas ocasiões envolvendo febre aftosa, o Brasil seguiu todos os procedimentos recomendados pelos organismos internacionais. O risco sanitário é mínimo”, afirma.
As autoridades européias consideram insatisfatório o controle do governo brasileiro sobre a criação de bovinos. Para Maristela Basso, professora de Direito Comercial Internacional da USP, a UE faz uso de um direito legítimo. Segundo ela, o Brasil deve demonstrar para a União Européia, de forma técnica e criteriosa, que seu gado não oferece nenhum risco ao bloco. De acordo com a professora, “ainda que o risco seja pequeno, as autoridades européias têm o direito de exigir garantias para a segurança dos seus cidadãos”.
Irlanda e Inglaterra são os principais criadores de gado no interior do bloco europeu. Após denúncias de deputados irlandeses e britânicos em outubro do ano passado, a UE deu prazo até o fim de 2007 para que o governo brasileiro se adequasse às exigências do bloco.
Em novembro, uma missão da UE detectou problemas na certificação e no rastreamento de origem do gado brasileiro. Sem a garantia de rastreabilidade, afirmam autoridades européias, não há garantias de que a carne enviada à Europa não provém de área em que a venda para o bloco é proibida. Desde 2005, São Paulo, Paraná e Mato Grosso do Sul não podem exportar devido a focos de febre aftosa.
Os especialistas concordam quanto à necessidade de que o rastramento seja de fato realizado. Segundo Ferreira, o rastreamento é bom para europeus e brasileiros porque fortalece as ações de controle sobre a produção. Zen complementa: “Além de dar mais transparência à produção nacional, a medida atrairia investimentos externos”.
Outro ponto de divergência é a certificação de fazendas. Em dezembro do ano passado, a UE anunciou medidas de restrição sobre a importação da carne brasileira. O bloco também solicitou que o governo apresentasse até 31 de janeiro deste ano uma lista com 300 fazendas que cumprissem as exigências do bloco. Em 30 de janeiro, o governo enviou uma lista com 2.600 propriedades. Assim, os europeus se recusaram a publicar a lista em seu diário oficial ocasionando, na prática, a proibição das importações de carne brasileira.
Conseqüências no mercado
Em relação ao mercado externo, os especialistas acreditam que a medida não deve afetar as exportações para outros grandes compradores como Rússia, Estados Unidos e Egito. Ainda assim, a situação é preocupante. Segundo Ferreira, a UE é um consumidor muito importante para os pecuaristas brasileiros. “Eles não conseguirão vender tudo o que venderiam para a Europa. O abate deve ser direcionado para outros países e para o mercado interno”, diz.
Eles afirmam que o mercado interno pode sofrer com as conseqüências dessa barreira às exportações. De acordo com Zen, a tendência é de queda dos preços a curto prazo e alta no longo prazo. “Cortes direcionados para exportação, como o filé mignon, devem ficar mais baratos a príncípio. Depois, com uma eventual redução da produção, é provável que todos os cortes se tornem mais caros”, explica o pesquisador.
Segundo a Associação Brasileira de Indústrias Exportadoras de Carne (Abiec), as exportações de carne bovina somaram R$4,5 bilhões em 2007, 15% a mais do que no ano anterior. A União Européia foi responsável por 38,5% dessa quantia.
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